Contemporary Nephrology

SOMMARIO

1 Membrane Transport.- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Aspects of Epithelial Organization Related to Nephron Function.- 2.1. Anatomy of an Epithelial-Cell Layer.- 2.2. Special Features of Epithelial Organization in the Nephron.- 2.3. Examination of Transepithelial Transport Processes.- 3. Correlations between Function and Morphology in the Nephron.- 3.1. New Methods of Morphological Investigation.- 3.2. Characteristics of Junctional Complexes.- 3.3. Cell Shape as an Indication of Transepithelial Transport in the Nephron.- 3.4. Morphological Changes Associated with Alterations in Transport Function.- 4. Isolation, Characterization, and Reconstitution of Membrane Transport Systems.- 4.1. Definition of Terms.- 4.2. Examples of Transport Sites Isolated From Nonrenal Systems.- 4.3. Isolation and Reconstitution of Renal Transport Mechanisms.- 5. Conclusions.- References.- 2 Renal Physiology: Renal Circulation, Glomerular Filtration, and Renal Handling of Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride.- 1. Renal Hemodynamics and Glomerular Filtration Rate.- 1.1. Autoregulation of Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration Rate.- 1.2. Factors that Influence Renal Hemodynamics.- 1.3. Glomerular Physiology.- 1.4. Intrarenal Blood-Flow Distribution and Measurement of Renal Blood Flow.- 2. Renal Handling of Sodium Chloride.- 2.1. Mechanism of Proximal Reabsorption.- 2.2. Regulation of Proximal Reabsorption.- 2.3. Loop-of-Henle Transport.- 2.4. Collecting-Duct Sodium Reabsorption.- 2.5. Regulation of Sodium Excretion.- 3. Potassium Transport.- References.- 3 Renal Metabolism.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methodological Considerations.- 3. Biochemistry of the Glomerulus.- 4. Biochemistry of Tubular Membranes.- 4.1. Enzymes of Renal Plasma Membranes.- 5. Intermediary Metabolism and Regulation.- 5.1. Glutamine Metabolism and Ammoniagenesis.- 5.2. Renal Gluconeogenesis.- References.- 4 Renal Prostaglandins.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Prostaglandin Synthesis and Degradation.- 2.1. Whole-Kidney Experiments.- 2.2. Localization of Prostaglandin Synthesis within the Kidney.- 2.3. Stimuli of Renal Prostaglandin Synthesis.- 2.4. Inhibitors of Renal Prostaglandin Synthesis.- 2.5. Prostaglandin Metabolism.- 3. Prostaglandins, Sodium Excretion, and Diuretics.- 3.1. Microperfusion Experiments.- 3.2. Sodium Intake and Prostaglandin Production.- 3.3. Prostaglandins and Diuretics.- 4. Prostaglandins, Vasopressin, and Water Excretion.- 4.1. Effects of Indomethacin on Urine Concentration.- 4.2. Interactions of Vasopressin and Prostaglandins.- 5. Prostaglandins and Renin Release by the Kidney.- 6. Renal Blood Flow.- 6.1. Effects of Prostaglandins and Thromboxane on Renal Blood Flow.- 6.2. Inhibitors of Prostaglandin Synthesis and Renal Blood Flow.- 7. Bartter’s Syndrome.- 8. Ureteral Obstruction.- 9. Deleterious Clinical Effects of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs.- 10. Future Directions.- References.- 5 Acid-Base Physiology and Pathophysiology.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Proximal Tubular Acidification.- 3. Mechanism of Bicarbonate Reabsorption.- 4. Factors that Control Bicarbonate Reabsorption.- 4.1. Chloride.- 4.2. Effect of Volume.- 4.3. Parathyroid Hormone.- 4.4. Na,K-ATPase.- 4.5. Chronic Renal Failure.- 5. Effect of Calcium on Urinary Acidification.- 6. Role of Vitamin D in Urinary Acidification.- 7. Effects of Pharmacological Agents on Bicarbonate Transport.- 7.1. Disulfonic Stilbenes.- 7.2. Lysine.- 7.3. Maleic Acid.- 7.4. Thyroid Hormone.- 8. Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis.- 9. Hyperparathyroidism and Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis.- 10. Distal Urinary Acidification.- 11. Studies in the Turtle Bladder.- 12. Effect of in Vivo Acid-Base Status on in Vitro Acidification.- 13. Metabolic Regulation of Urinary Acidification.- 14. Effect of Aldosterone on Urinary Acidification.- 15. Bicarbonate Exit.- 16. Role of Calcium, Magnesium, and Cyclic AMP in Acidification.- 17. Comparative Physiology of the Turtle Bladder and Mammalian Cortical Collecting Tubule.- 18. Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis Syndromes.- 18.1. Background.- 18.2. Theories of Pathogenesis.- 19. Factors Responsible for Generation of a High Urinary CO2 Tension.- 20. Experimental Models of Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis.- 21. Human Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis.- 22. Role of Potassium Depletion in Acid-Base Homeostasis.- 23. Other Forms of Impaired Distal Acidification.- 24. Extrarenal Factors that Influence Acid-Base Homeostasis.- 25. The Role of the Gut in the Pathogenesis of the Hyperchloremic Acidosis of Ureterointestinal Anastomosis.- References.- 6 Mineral Metabolism in Health and Disease.- 1. Vitamin D.- 1.1. Metabolism.- 1.2. Actions of Vitamin D and Metabolites.- 2. Parathyroid Hormone and Calcitonin.- 2.1. Metabolism of Parathyroid Hormone.- 2.2. Renal Effects of Parathyroid Hormone.- 2.3. Calcitonin.- 3. Calcium Physiology and Pathophysiology.- 3.1. State of Calcium in Body Fluids.- 3.2. Renal Handling of Calcium.- 3.3. Hypercalcemia.- 3.4. Hypocalcemia.- 4. Phosphate Physiology and Pathophysiology.- 4.1. Gastrointestinal Absorption of Phosphate.- 4.2. Renal Handling of Phosphate.- 4.3. Hypophosphatemia.- 4.4. Hyperphosphatemia.- 5. Renal Osteodystrophy.- 5.1. Clinical Characteristics.- 5.2. Pathogenesis.- 5.3. Therapy of Renal Osteodystrophy with Vitamin D Metabolites.- 5.4. Parathyroid Hormone as a Uremic Toxin.- 6. Nephrolithiasis.- 6.1. Calcium Stones.- 6.2. Uric-Acid Stones.- 6.3. Triple-Phosphate Stones.- 6.4. Miscellaneous.- References.- 7 Hypertension and the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Axis.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Volume and Hypertension.- 1.2. Release of Vasoconstrictors.- 1.3. Release of Vasodilators.- 2. Physiology and Pharmacology.- 2.1. Sodium and Potassium Homeostasis and the Role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Axis.- 2.2. Pharmacological Interruption of the Renin-Angiotensin System.- 2.3. Renin.- 2.4. Angiotensins.- 3. Hypertension.- 3.1. Pathophysiology of Renin Alterations in Hypertension.- 3.2. Renin as a Prognostic Indicator.- 3.3. Role of Renin in Patient Management.- 3.4. Diagnostic Considerations.- 3.5. Therapeutic Considerations.- References.- 8 Immunologically Mediated Renal Disease.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Basic Investigations.- 2.1. Glomerulonephritis.- 2.2. Tubulointerstitial Nephritis.- 3. Clinical Investigations.- 3.1. Serological Studies in Glomerular Disease.- 3.2. Immunopathology of Glomerular and Tubulointerstitial Diseases.- 3.3. Treatment of Immunologically Mediated Renal Disease.- References.- 9 Acute Renal Failure and Toxic Nephropathy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Pathophysiological Considerations.- 2.1. Vascular Events in Acute Renal Failure.- 2.2. Tubular Events in Experimental Acute Renal Failure.- 2.3. Prophylactic Maneuvers in Experimental Acute Renal Failure.- 3. Clinical Considerations.- 3.1. Diagnosis of Acute Renal Failure.- 3.2. Clinical Course of Acute Renal Failure.- 3.3. Therapy of Acute Renal Failure.- 4. Summary and Conclusion.- References.- 10 The Kidney in Systemic Disease: Pathophysiological Schemes and Analysis of Two Diseases (Multiple Myeloma and Diabetes Mellitus).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Reduction in Glomerular Filtration Rate in Systemic Illness.- 2.1. Contraction of Extracellular Fluid Volume.- 2.2. Alterations in Plasma Proteins.- 2.3. Changes in Circulating Hormones.- 2.4. Changes in Glomerular Anatomy.- 2.5. Tubular Obstruction.- 3. Alterations in Proximal-Tubular Function.- 3.1. Idiopathic Proximal-Tubular Dysfunction.- 3.2. Proximal-Tubular Dysfunction Secondary to Exogenous Toxins.- 3.3. Proximal-Tubular Dysfunction Secondary to Endogenous Toxins.- 3.4. Vascular and Interstitial Disease.- 4. Other Consequences of Proximal-Tubular Defects.- 5. Diminished Salt Transport in the Thick Ascending Limb of the Loop of Henle.- 5.1. Diseases Associated with Interstitial Damage.- 5.2. Diminished Distal Delivery (Reduced Glomerular Filtration Rate).- 5.3. Hormone Deficiencies.- 5.4. Alterations in Medullary Blood Flow.- 5.5. Changes in the Normal Tubular Response to Antidiuretic Hormon

ALTRE INFORMAZIONI

• Condizione: Nuovo
• ISBN: 9781461567219
• Dimensioni: 229 x 152 mm Ø 1060 gr
• Formato: Brossura
• Illustration Notes: XX, 715 p. 26 illus.
• Pagine Arabe: 715
• Pagine Romane: xx