Low-Voltage CMOS Operational Amplifiers Theory, Design and Implementation

Low-Voltage CMOS Operational Amplifiers: Theory, Design and Implementation discusses both single and two-stage architectures. Opamps with constant-g_m input stage are designed and their excellent performance over the rail-to-rail input common mode range is demonstrated.
The first set of CMOS constant-g_m input stages was introduced by a group from Technische Universiteit, Delft and Universiteit Twente, the Netherlands. These earlier versions of circuits are discussed, along with new circuits developed at the Ohio State University. The design, fabrication (MOSIS Tiny Chips), and characterization of the new circuits are now complete.
Basic analog integrated circuit design concepts should be understood in order to fully appreciate the work presented. However, the topics are presented in a logical order and the circuits are explained in great detail, so that Low-Voltage CMOS Operational Amplifiers can be read and enjoyed by those without much experience in analog circuit design.
It is an invaluable reference book, and may be used as a text for advanced courses on the subject.

1 Introduction.- 2 Operational Amplifiers in 3-V Supply.- 3 Constant-gm Input Stages, Kn ? Kp.- 4 Robust Bias Circuit Techniques.- 5 Constant-gm Input Stages, Kn ? Kp.- 6 Rail-to-Rail Output Stages.- 7 Single-Stage Operational Amplifiers.- 8 Two-Stage Operational Amplifiers.- 9 Silicon Implementations.- 10 Conclusion and Future Work.- A MOSIS 2pon P-well Process Parameters.- A.1 BSIM Parameters for N35S.- A.2 LEVEL 2 Parameters for N35S.- A.3 BSIM Parameters for N3CM.- A.4 LEVEL 2 Parameters for N3CM.- B Circuit Netlists Used For Simulation.- B.1 An N-Channel Differential Pair.- B.2 A CMOS Source Follower.- B.3 A CMOS Rail-to-Rail Differential Pair.- B.4 A Simple Operational Amplifier Model.- B.5 A Simple Rail-to-Rail Operational Amplifier With an IdealGain Stage.- B.7 Monitor Circuit 1.- B.8 Monitor Circuit 2.- B.10 Constant-gm Input Stage 1.- B.11 Constant-g1 Input Stage 2.- B.12 Small Signal Model of the Modified Output Stage.- B.13 Modified Class AB Controlled Output Stage.- B.14 Opamp 1.- B.15 Opamp la.- B.16 Opamp lb.- B.17 Opamp 2.- B.18 Opamp 2a.- B.19 Opamp 2b.- B.20 Opamp 3a.- B.21 Opamp 3B.- C Measurement Techniques.- C.1 Input Stage Transconductance Measurements.- C.2 Low Frequency Operational Amplifier Gain Measurements.- C.3 Unity Gain Frequency and Phase Margin Measurements..