Handbook of Racism, Xenophobia, and Populism All Forms of Discrimination in the United States and Around the Globe

This handbook presents the roots of symbolic racism as partly in both anti-black antagonism and non-racial conservative attitudes and values, representing a new form of racism independent of older racial and political attitudes. By doing so, it homes in on certain historical incidents and episodes and presents a cogent analysis of anti-black, Jim Crowism, anti-people of color (Black, Latino, Native Americans), and prejudice that exists in the United States and around the world as a central tenet of racism.

The book exposes the reader to the nature and practice of stereotyping, negative bias, social categorization, modern forms of racism, immigration law empowerment, racialized incarceration, and police brutality in the American heartland. It states that several centuries of white Americans’ negative socializing culture marked by widespread negative attitudes toward African Americans, are not eradicated and are still rife. Further, the book provides a panoramic view of trends of racial discrimination and other negative and desperate challenges that Black, Indigenous, and People of Color face across the world. Finally, the volume examines xenophobia, racism, prejudice, and stereotyping in different contexts, including topics such as Covid-19, religion and racism, information manipulation, and populism.

The book, therefore, is a must-read for students, researchers, and scholars of political science, psychology, history, sociology, communications/media studies, diplomatic studies, and law in general, as well as ethnic and racial studies, American politics, global affairs, populism, and discrimination in particular.

Chapter 1. Comprehending the Nature of the Beast.- Part I. Rethinking the Nature of Prejudice.- Chapter 2. Populism: A Conceptual Overview.- Chapter 3. Demagogy and Populism in the Americas.- Chapter 4. Seeking Control of Life and the World Through Populist Politics.- Chapter 5. Truth and Democracy: An Uncomfortable Relation in Contemporary American Democracy.- Chapter 6. Critical Race Theory: The Cutting Edge.- Chapter 7. The Relationship Between Mainstream and Populist Parties: The Portuguese Case.- Chapter 8. “I Can’t Breathe”: the Bible and Bonhoeffer on Race and Suffering in America.- Chapter 9. The Swedish Nightmare in Racialization: The Dismantlement of Bounding Social Capital in Scandinavian Welfare States.- Chapter 10. Governance for Sustainable Development Goals in Cosmopolitan Governance: Basic Ethical Principles for Ethical Behavior in Public Organizations and Institutions.- Chapter 11. Self-esteem and Intergroup Discrimination.- Chapter 12. Domain Specific Self-esteem, Threats to Group Value and Intergroup Discrimination Amongst Minimal and Real Groups.- Part II. The Nature of Bias and Aggressive Policing.- Chapter 13. The Nature of Bias: Effects of Institutionalized Prejudices and Theoretical Explanations for Its Development.- Chapter 14. The Correlates of Prejudice: Groupthink and Individual Psychological Attributes.- Chapter 15. Many Roads Lead to Rome - College, Career, Commitment (Marriage), Oh My: Is Conceiving All These Still Extrinsically Linked in the Era of Fake News?.- Chapter 16. Police Fiction: Native American Activists’ Political Murders at or Near Pine Ridge, South Dakota, 1973-1976.- Chapter 17. A Double-edged Sword”: Black Collegiate Women’s Perceptions of Law Enforcement.- Part III. Social Identity and Intergroup Behavior.- Chapter 18. How Ingroup Favouritism Functions as a Defense Against Threat.- Part IV. Xenophobic Scapegoating and Racism.- Chapter 19. Umshini Wami (Cry, the Beloved Continent!): Erasing South Africa’s ‘toxic’ and Worsening Afrophobia, Afronegativity (Recycling Hatred), Aversive Racism, and Xeno-racism – After Mandela.- Chapter 20 Xenophobia in the United States: Structural Drivers.- Chapter 21. From Eugenics to Eco-fascism: a History of Xenophobic Scapegoating.- Chapter 22. India - Hindus and Muslims: Religion and Racism.- Part V. Africentricism, and Non-eurocentric Perspectives.- Chapter 23. Debunking False Theoretical Concepts, Appreciating Asylums and Fending Off Media Attacks, Theological Misorientation, and Sexual Misorientation.- Chapter 24. Aziboist Concepts and Psycho-cultural-political Orientations for Socially Engineering Aright the New African Person.- Chapter 25. Listening to Blutopia: Sounds of Afrofuturism Perspective.- Chapter 26. The Fascinating Legacy of Yoruba Culture, Gods, and the Genesis of Civilization.- Chapter 27. Santeria (African Cultural Ideas) Under Attack: The Attempted Erasure of Lucumi and Extinguishing of a Cultural Candle.- Chapter 28. Caste, Class, and Globalization in India Revisited: Some Aspects of Continuity and Change.- Chapter 29. Tenskwatawa, the Holy Man of the Pan-India Resistance, 1804–1810.- Part VI. Pandemics and Environmental Crisis.- Chapter 30. Racism and Inequality in the Deep South: The Health and Sociocultural Correlates of HIV/AIDS Among African Americans and the Legacy of Slavery.- Part VII. Race and Justice.- Chapter 31. Race, Ethnicity and Perceived Everyday Discrimination in the United States.- Chapter 32. Civil Liberties in Uncivil Times - the Perilous Quest to Preserve American Freedoms During Its First Two Centuries.- Chapter 33. Civil Liberties in Uncivil Times - Preserving Traditional American Freedoms After 9/11.- Part VIII. Social Psychology of Prejudice.- Chapter 34. “If You're Brown, Stick Around; Black, Turn Back”: “Honorary Whiteness" Status and Immigration Policy.- Chapter 35. “Snitches Get Stitches”: Why Most Bullied Young People Don’t Disclose Incidents of Bullying and Harassment.- Chapter 36. Is There Anything New in Anti-semitism? Settler Colonialism.- Chapter 37. Muslims, Populism, and Scapegoat Theory.- Part IX. Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion.- Chapter 38. "Continental Africa or Europeans? Confronting the Paradox of “Afronegativity” and “xenoracism” in Nigeria-south Africa Relations".- Chapter 39. More Than Just Talking Anti-oppression: the Use of Racial Dialogue to Combat Intolerance in the Classroom.- Chapter 40. Bullying Perpetration and Perceptions of Familial Acceptance of Aggression Among Young People at University.- Part X. The Grand Dichotomy Reconsidered.- Chapter 41. Democracy in American Public Discourse: Power and the Crisis of Leadership, Race, and Division (or Unity).- Chapter 42. Race: The Irreconcilable Conflict Threatening Americas’ Future (and Indeed the World).- Chapter 43. Race, Class, and Populism: Global Perspectives.

Adebowale Akande is one of the world’s top contributors and productive cross-cultural researchers for research publications with over 32.000 Google scholar citations and over 200 refereed articles/chapters. Akande has held faculty appointments at several international universities. In 1998, he was appointed the first black full professor at a white most prestigious university in South Africa. Among multiple awards conferred, Akande received the Commonwealth Academic Fellowship in 1992; the IUPSYS International Award in 1996, and the Frank Andrew UniMICH in 1996. Further, he received the ISPA Award in 2000, a Taiwan Government International Scholar Fellowship in 2005, a Nippon Foundation of Japan Fellowship in 2008, a Fellowship of Schloss Leopoldskron, Austria in 2008, a Certificate of Honor, Indian Institute of Planning and Management, in 2008, and the AAGT-EAGT Award in 2018. He was a co-recipient of the 2007 Ursula Gielen Global Book Award and the Gordon W. Allport Prize (2005) for research on ambivalent sexism. Akande’s major research interests mainly focus on relationships among transnational self-esteem, learning, power, political influence, prejudice. He is also known as a popularizer of cross-cultural studies. He currently serves as an international director for IR GLOBE in Vancouver and a guest professor to a number of Canadian Universities in British Columbia, Canada.