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This third volume describes continuous bodies treated as classical (Boltzmann) and spin (Cosserat) continua or fluid mixtures of such bodies. It discusses systems such as Boltzmann continua (with trivial angular momentum) and Cosserat continua (with nontrivial spin balance) and formulates the balance law and deformation measures for these including multiphase complexities. Thermodynamics is treated in the spirit of Müller–Liu: it is applied to Boltzmann-type fluids in three dimensions that interact with neighboring fluids on two-dimensional contact surfaces and/or one-dimensional contact lines. For all these situations it formulates the balance laws for mass, momenta, energy, and entropy. Further, it introduces constitutive modeling for 3-, 2-, 3-d body parts for general processes and materially objective variable sets and their reduction to equilibrium and non-equilibrium forms.
Typical (reduced) fluid spin continua are liquid crystals. Prominent nematic examples of these include the Ericksen–Leslie–Parodi (ELP) formulation, in which material particles are equipped with material unit vectors (directors). Nematic liquid crystals with tensorial order parameters of rank 1 to n model substructure behavior better, and for both classes of these, the book analyzes the thermodynamic conditions of consistency.
Granular solid–fluid mixtures are generally modeled by complementing the Boltzmann laws with a balance of fluctuation (kinetic) energy of the particles. The book closes by presenting a full Reynolds averaging procedure that accounts for higher correlation terms e.g. a k-epsilon formulation in classical turbulence. However, because the volume fraction is an additional variable, the theory also incorporates ‘k-epsilon equations’ for the volume fraction.Il sito utilizza cookie ed altri strumenti di tracciamento che raccolgono informazioni dal dispositivo dell’utente. Oltre ai cookie tecnici ed analitici aggregati, strettamente necessari per il funzionamento di questo sito web, previo consenso dell’utente possono essere installati cookie di profilazione e marketing e cookie dei social media. Cliccando su “Accetto tutti i cookie” saranno attivate tutte le categorie di cookie. Per accettare solo deterninate categorie di cookie, cliccare invece su “Impostazioni cookie”. Chiudendo il banner o continuando a navigare saranno installati solo cookie tecnici. Per maggiori dettagli, consultare la Cookie Policy.